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How much of each discipline does NIRF cover?

This is the one file in nirf-outcomes/ that reads anything other than NIRF, because measuring what NIRF does not cover is impossible from NIRF. It uses:

  • AISHE aishe_fact_higher_ed_students, cut='programme_social', 2023-24 — graduates by degree
  • AICTE aicte_fact_intake, 2021-22 — approved institutions, engineering and pharmacy
  • NMC nmc_fact_mbbs_seats, 2024-25 — medical colleges

Nothing here feeds back into the discipline notes or the board.


NIRF’s side is every college it has ever ranked, each at its last report. Integrated and dual degrees are included in the sector denominator.

Discipline Level NIRF colleges Sector colleges % colleges NIRF graduates Sector graduates % graduates
Agriculture UG 47 18,082 36,049 50.2%
Engineering UG 263 2,897 9.1% 222,407 823,144 27.0%
Dental UG 62 4,527 20,098 22.5%
Architecture UG 45 2,743 13,481 20.3%
Medical UG 61 780 7.8% 9,357 65,836 14.2%
Management PG 100 31,904 282,710 11.3%
Pharmacy UG 128 661 19.4% 10,139 110,805 9.2%
Law UG 47 6,902 161,239 4.3%

Coverage varies by a factor of twelve — 50.2% of agriculture graduates against 4.3% of law. Every discipline note describes “the ranked sector”, and that phrase means something very different in each one.

Agriculture is half the field. NIRF ranks 47 colleges and they produce more than half of India’s agriculture graduates, because the discipline is small and concentrated in state agricultural universities.

Law is almost invisible. 47 ranked colleges against 161,239 graduates. Law is taught in thousands of affiliated colleges; NIRF sees the national law universities and little else, so its law board describes an elite tier rather than the profession’s intake.

Pharmacy is the widest gap between the two measures — NIRF ranks 19.4% of pharmacy colleges but covers only 9.2% of graduates, meaning the colleges it ranks are smaller than average. Engineering runs the other way, 9.1% of colleges producing 27.0% of graduates.


Why the degree cut, and not the discipline cut

Section titled “Why the degree cut, and not the discipline cut”

AISHE publishes two taxonomies and only one can answer this.

cut='ug_discipline' gives broad subjects — Arts, Science, Engineering & Technology, Medical Science. Pharmacy, dentistry and architecture do not appear in it at all, in any year. And its “Medical Science” is 330,839 against M.B.B.S.’s 65,836 — exactly 5.0× — because it is the whole health cluster: nursing, pharmacy, paramedical. Used as a denominator for doctors it overstates fivefold.

cut='programme_social' gives named degrees — 253 of them in 2023-24 — and maps onto what NIRF actually ranks.

An earlier version of this note reported pharmacy, dentistry and architecture as impossible to size. That was wrong, and it was wrong because the schema documented the degree cut as covering “2021-22 only” when it covers seven years. Fixed in external_data_sources#77.

Discipline Degrees counted
Engineering B.Tech., B.E., B.Tech-M.Tech, B.C.E., B.Ch.E., B.Chem.Tech.
Law LL.B., B.A. LL.B., B.L., B.B.A.-LL.B., B.Com-LL.B., B.B.A-LL.B(Hons), B.G.L., LL.B.(Hons), B.Sc. LL.B.
Management M.B.A., Integrated M.B.A., M.B.A.(Tech.), M.B.A.(Pharma. Tech.), Integrated B.B.A-M.B.A.
Pharmacy B.Pharm., Pharm.D., B.Pharm.(Ayu.)
Medical · Dental · Architecture · Agriculture M.B.B.S. · B.D.S. · B.Arch. · B.Agri.

Integrated degrees matter most in law: LL.B. alone is 114,782, but the five-year integrated degrees the national law universities actually award add 33,415 — about a fifth of the field. Excluding them would have overstated NIRF’s law coverage by a quarter.

Level follows NIRF. Management is measured against M.B.A., not B.B.A., because NIRF’s management track is postgraduate. Pharmacy uses B.Pharm. and not D.Pharma, which is a diploma.

Institution counts come from the regulator, not AISHE

Section titled “Institution counts come from the regulator, not AISHE”

Only three exist: AICTE for engineering (2,897) and pharmacy (661), NMC for medical (780). Dentistry (DCI), architecture (CoA), law (BCI) and agriculture (ICAR) are licensed by bodies whose registers are not loaded here, so those disciplines get a graduate share and no college share — reported as blank rather than estimated.

  • NIRF’s graduate counts are mixed vintage — each college at its last report, spanning 2015-16 to 2023-24 — while AISHE is a single year. Read the shares as approximate.
  • Different years across sources. AISHE 2023-24, AICTE 2021-22, NMC 2024-25. The institution shares in particular are approximate for that reason.
  • This says nothing about outcomes below the ranking. NIRF observes no unranked college. What happens at the other 91% of engineering colleges is unmeasured here, and an earlier attempt to project it by fitting curves was removed because the projection turned out to be a choice of functional form rather than a finding.
  • AISHE requires gender='Total'. Summing across gender doubles every figure.